Suzgun et al. find that current large language models cannot reliably distinguish between belief, knowledge and fact, raising concerns for their use in healthcare, law and journalism, where such disti...

Exploring the origins of life through the mathematical theory of transitions

Unraveling complexity: building knowledge, one paper at a time

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The path towards the emergence of life in our biosphere involved several key events allowing for the persistence, reproduction and evolution of molecular systems. All these processes took place in a given environmental context and required both molecular ...

The mentioned article was written by Ettore Majorana, in a partially educational way, for a journal of Sociology; but he gave up publishing it (and threw it away). It appeared posthumous, thanks to Gi...

Clock precision is thought to be fundamentally limited by entropy production in out-of-equilibrium systems. A theoretical work now introduces a quantum clock design where precision grows exponentially...

The formose reaction is proposed to produce sugars of relevance to biomolecules (RNA). By 13C-NMR, the aldol reactions of formaldehyde are shown to proceed to form linear and finally branched ketoses....

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npj Digital Medicine - Challenges and opportunities for digital twins in precision medicine from a complex systems perspective

Clownfishes (Amphiprioninae) are a fascinating example of a marine radiation. From a central Pacific ancestor, they quickly colonized the coral ree...

What did we learn from a rigorous adversarial test?

Different aspects of the predictability problem in dynamical systems are reviewed. The deep relation among Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov–Sinai entrop…

Predicting the fate of world order using a toy model

The inevitable emergence of good solutions?

Microbial life has dominated Earth’s history but left a sparse fossil record, greatly hindering our understanding of evolution in deep time. However, bacterial metabolism has left signatures in the ge...