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Brad Weslake

@bweslake.org
549 followers 324 following 305 posts

Associate Professor of Philosophy, NYU Shanghai • bweslake.org

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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 16/02/2026
Detail from Hua Yan (1682-1756), Scholar and a Bat.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 17/11/2025
Surprise: doi.org/10.2307/2183...
doi.org
Armstrong on the Mind on JSTOR
Thomas Nagel, Armstrong on the Mind, The Philosophical Review, Vol. 79, No. 3 (Jul., 1970), pp. 394-403
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 17/11/2025
Guess who wrote this, more than 10 years prior to Churchland's “Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes”.
There is an important respect in which Armstrong's analogy between materialism and the equation of the gene and the DNA molecule fails. Pre-molecular genetics was an exact scientific theory: the concept of the gene was introduced in the service of scientific explanation, and subsequent work in molecular biology which makes the equation plausible has had the same aim. But the psychology of common sense, embodied in the ordinary concepts of belief, desire, sensation, perception, emotion, and so forth is not a scientific theory.
The mental states for which Armstrong offers causal analyses are picked out by a system which has evolved naturally, and whose form may depend significantly on its extra-scientific functions. Our dealings with and declarations to one another require a specialized vocabulary, and although it serves us moderately well in ordinary life, its narrowness and inadequacy as a psychological theory become evident when we attempt to apply it in the formulation of general descriptions of human behavior or in the explanation of abnormal mental conditions.
The crude and incomplete causal theory embodied in common-sense pyschology should not be expected to survive the next hundred years of central nervous system studies intact. It would be surprising if concepts like belief and desire found correspondents in a neurophysiological theory, considering how limited their explanatory and predictive power is, even for gross behavior. The physical behavior which, on Armstrong's analysis, a given intention is apt to cause, may be the product of causes whose complexity cannot be brought into even rough correspondence with the simple elements of a present-day psychological explanation.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 07/10/2025
A perfect table of contents.
1 Happiness 1
2 Death 61
3 The Remainder of Life 106
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 30/09/2025
Mirror: A film by Andrei Tarkovsky
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 27/09/2025
Joseph Tainter, The Collapse of Complex Societies
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 27/09/2025
James Scott.
The historiography of class struggle, one might add, has been systematically distorted in a state-centered direction. Everyday resistance does not throw up the manifestos, demonstrations, or pitched battles that normally compel attention. It makes no headlines. But just as millions of anthozoan polyps create, willy-nilly, a coral reef, so do thousands of individual acts of insubordination and evasion create a political and economic barrier reef of their own. There is rarely any dramatic confrontation, any movement that is particularly newsworthy. And whenever, to pursue the simile, the ship of state runs aground on such a reef, attention is typically directed to the ship-wreck (for example, a fiscal crisis) itself and not to the vast aggregation of petty acts that made it possible. It is seldom that the perpetrators seek to call attention to themselves. Their safety lies in anonymity. It is also extremely rare that officials of the state wish to publicize the insubordination. To do so would be openly to confess that their policy is unpopular and, above all, to expose the tenuousness of their authority in the countryside. Thus, the nature of the acts themselves and the self-interested muteness of the antagonists conspire to create a complicitous silence that is reflected in the historical record. In this context, the events that claim most attention are typically those to which the state and ruling classes accord most space in their archives. Thus, for example, a small and futile rebellion claims an attention that is often all out of proportion to its impact on class relations while unheralded acts of flight, sabotage, and theft that may be of greater long-run significance are rarely noticed.
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Reposted by Brad Weslake
Dr Liam Sims @liamsims.bsky.social · 26/09/2025
A stunningly beautiful initial depicting a dying man in bed with his soul being taken up by an angel. From a copy of Aristotle’s De Anima, likely copied at Oxford c. 1260. @theulspeccoll.bsky.social since 1715, MS Ee.2.31.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 04/04/2025
We stand in solidarity with the penguins.
A crowd of penguins captioned BREAKING: MASSIVE ANTI-AMERICAN PROTESTS IN HEARD AND MCDONALD ISLANDS.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 01/02/2025
Christopher Walken.
Did you go back and study “Severance” before filming season 2?

I don’t have technology. I only have a satellite dish on my house. So I’ve seen “Severance” on DVDs that they’re good enough to send me. I don’t have a cellphone. I’ve never emailed or, what do you call it, Twittered. 

Does it make you feel a bit alien in a world where everyone is attached to their phones?

Not really. I’ve never had a watch either. But if I need the time, I just ask somebody. Likewise, once in a while when I need to use a phone, I just ask if I can borrow one.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 31/01/2025
Excellent guesses—Darwin it was.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 31/01/2025
150 years ago you could get random observations of your baby published in Mind. Indisputably the most famous person to ever publish there—guess who!
No. 7. JULY, 1877.
MIND
A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY.
I.-A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF AN INFANT.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 03/01/2025
From Eric Huntington, “Buddhist Cosmology” in The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2022. doi.org/10.1093/acre...
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 03/01/2025
Unless your multiverse has endless hells lurking in the triangular gaps between worlds, I don't buy it.
Surrounding the great, circular ocean is a ring of mountains known as Cakravāla (also Cakravāḍa), which forms the external boundary of the world. The disk-shaped earth that supports all these oceans, continents, and mountains floats atop decreasingly substantial layers of fundamental elements (earth, water, sometimes fire, and wind) that ultimately float in the void of space. Most traditions acknowledge a multiplicity of such single world-systems (loka-dhātu), often abutting one another horizontally and sometimes also layered vertically. Groups of thousands, millions, and billions of such worlds play important roles in metaphors for vastness and innumerability. When described in such collections, each world typically has the same basic geographical features, including its own Sumeru, four major continents, great ocean, and so on, making this a generic model for all worlds in Buddhist cosmology. In other cases, however, alternative worlds are described with quite different landscapes to emphasize specific contrasts with this world (see the section “Mahāyāna and East Asia”).

Within each single world-system that follows the generic pattern, there are also numerous heavens and hells above and below the relatively flat surface of the world. While the heavens generally rise directly above Sumeru, the hells may descend—depending on the tradition—centrally below Sumeru, peripherally below southern Jambudvīpa, broadly filling all of the elemental layers below the entire cosmos, or even externally in the deltoid interstices between adjacent discoid worlds. Based on these layers above and below the surface of the earth, many cosmological systems also propose vertical divisions of space, most commonly distinguishing the more-or-less geographical realm of the earth, hells, and lower heavens (kāma-dhātu, realm of desire) from more ethereal realms of form (rūpa-dhātu) and formlessness (ārūpya-dhātu) above.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 30/12/2024
I'm friends with one of the provosts who oversees IT and I could barely resist emailing him to ask how his night is going.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 30/12/2024
An NYU student really levelled up on this tonight, managing to find an unsecured email list that goes to all faculty and everyone in IT. In the five minutes it took me to auto-filter the list to trash, five professors had already unwittingly replied to 10,000+ people... no doubt it's ongoing.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 29/12/2024
Counterpoint—this is the ideal nap, now you are ready to go dance all night.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 29/12/2024
Many more examples (with high-resolution images) in Gillian Riley, “Eat Your Words! Seventeenth-Century Edible Letterforms” in Gastronomica, Vol. 1, No. 1, Winter 2001, pp. 45-59. doi.org/10.1525/gfc....
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 28/12/2024
Regret calibration.
A menu box allowing you to “Undo send” at timescales of 0, 5, 10 or 20 seconds.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 23/12/2024
This post has a link to an associated WeChat announcement on their official channel.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 23/12/2024
Another is Feng Li (冯立), Good Night.
jiazazhistore.com
Feng Li ╱ Good Night
In 2017, when we made photobook White Night for Feng Li for the first time, he brought plenty of photographs to our studio. We were immediately shocked by his color photos. As a result, the black-and-...
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 23/12/2024
Some of the most beautiful books I have purchased since moving to China are published by Jiazazhi. One favourite is Chen Zhe (陈哲), Bees & The Bearable (蜜蜂 & 可承受的).
zheis.com
Bees & The Bearable — Chen Zhe 陈哲
Bees & The Bearable蜜蜂 & 可承受的 Presented as a layered notebook weaving in and out of images and texts, Bees & The Bearable restores Chen Zhe’s...
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 23/12/2024
Very sad to learn today that Yanyou—the founder of Jiazazhi, the Chinese photo book publisher and bookstore—was arrested in June and is still being held. There is a small note about it in this AP story. #china
ap.org
As China cracks down on bookstores at home, Chinese-language booksellers are flourishing overseas | The Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — Yu Miao smiles as he stands among the 10,000 books crowded on rows of bamboo shelves in his newly reopened bookstore. It’s in
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 23/12/2024
To solve problems like this:
Paul Frambot | Morpho
@PaulFrambot

Last week, 6 out of 30 candidates interviewed by our recruiter were likely North Korean hackers using deepfakes to disguise their accents and facial expressions.

Now implementing stricter hiring protocols eg. thorough background checks, in-person meetings, ... Any suggestions?
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 22/12/2024
You think your life should get better, I think you should suffer and die, we agree that something must change.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 22/12/2024
Scandalous that “Confucius for Trump?“ was addressed before “Funeral strippers?”
Abstract

Could the Chinese philosopher Confucius have supported Donald Trump?
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 21/12/2024
For an overview, see: news.mit.edu/2024/mit-stu...
news.mit.edu
MIT study explains why laws are written in an incomprehensible style
An MIT study on “legalese” suggests this convoluted language acts to convey a sense of authority in legal documents. The researchers also found that even non-lawyers use legalese when asked to write l...
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 21/12/2024
The magic spell hypothesis: just as magic spells are written distinctively to make them appear special, so legal language is made complex in order to signal a special kind of authority. See: doi.org/10.1073/pnas...
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Reposted by Brad Weslake
noam @noamchompers.bsky.social · 20/12/2024
why would you use chatgpt to simulate an endless tedious argument with various professional philosophers when we already have the daily nous comment section?
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
Ah, missed that! Shouldn't have expected I could beat you to googly eye news.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
For example: roc.camera
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
Is this you www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/s...
smithsonianmag.com
Someone Is Sticking Googly Eyes on Public Sculptures in Oregon—and City Officials Are Not Amused
Many residents of Bend love the illicit adornments, which they say are sparking joy and driving engagement with public art
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
Shibata Zeshin, Monkey Posing as a Collector, 1835. Justin Sun posing with Maurizio Cattelan, Comedian, 2019.
Shibata Zeshin, Monkey Posing as a Collector, 1835.Justin Sun posing with Maurizio Cattelan, Comedian, 2019.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
Two excellent new articles on the cultural wasteland produced by corporate streaming— @tavlin.bsky.social on Netflix: www.nplusonemag.com/issue-49/ess... and @lizpelly.bsky.social on Spotify: harpers.org/archive/2025...
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
Not in-class, but I do oral exams based on a pre-circulated set of questions. I find them far superior to papers for gauging depth of understanding.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 19/12/2024
It’s not possible to be too spammy promoting your own book on your own feed.
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Reposted by Brad Weslake
Al Wilson @modalizing.bsky.social · 18/12/2024
An 18-chapter volume on Levels of Explanation, co-edited with Katie Robertson. It's out in hardback on 31 Dec, but it's also open access and the PDF is already free to download: global.oup.com/academic/pro...
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 18/12/2024
“a labourer working to put down lasting foundations in the midst of the waves” —Proust on memory of music.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 17/12/2024
Prediction: the only good consequence of generative AI will be improved public understanding of cryptographic methods to prove authenticity.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 17/12/2024
Pascal Quignard, The Roving Shadows.
The earth has been turning for 3,500 million years. Humanity has lived for one million years. The history of human civilizations has lasted for 10,000 years, without being either continuous or evolutionary. The civilized, artistic, noetic, literary part is only an imperceptible fraction of the species Homo. Imperceptible by the species itself, as a general rule. There have been only a few works, a few objects, a few sounds, a few books, a few walls glimpsed by a few human beings who, from time to time, bow reverentially to them.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 17/12/2024
Disadvantages include being in Times Square and being filled with philosophers.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 14/12/2024
Currently on view at Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, Los Angeles: www.tanyabonakdargallery.com/viewing-room...
tanyabonakdargallery.com
The sky we stand on | November 22, 2024 - February 8, 2025
Viewing Room
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 14/12/2024
Analia Saban, Perceptron, 2024.
Analia Saban, Perceptron, 2024.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 14/12/2024
It’s never the departments who generate these questions.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 11/12/2024
Highlights— Loren Connors Caterina Barbieri Steve Roach Barker
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 10/12/2024
Shanghai at night. Photo taken from the International Space Station, 27 March 2012.
Photograph of Shanghai at night, taken by a crew member on the International Space Station, 27 March 2012.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 10/12/2024
Filing away next to Zhemao.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 10/12/2024
Wonderful article on Zabihollah Mansouri, the prolific Iranian writer who simply made up much of what he “translated“. His Persian rendition of Lolita is twice as long as the original; his The Three Musketeers is ten times as long! See: yalereview.org/article/amir...
There is, though, a catch. I have been referring to Mansouri as a “translator.” But by contemporary standards, the most popular translator in the history of Iran translated hardly anything at all. Most of his works are a hodgepodge of source text mixed with his own additions and musings, which he offered so generously as to sometimes overwhelm the original. In some cases, the author of the book Mansouri was supposedly translating didn’t even exist. He would write something of his own, then make up a French name and publish his work under the fictive author’s byline. Many would say that one of the most popular literary figures of twentieth-century Iran was a full-blown charlatan.
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Brad Weslake @bweslake.org · 10/12/2024
Wonderful that “liberty“ is in the top five for Moby-Dick, given its obsession with fate.
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