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Buddhas in the West Material Archive

@buddhasinthewest.bsky.social
3.4K followers 1.6K following 635 posts

Exploring the circulation of Buddhist material culture in Western historical media, including prints, photos, ephemera, &c. Digital public scholarship project curated by @peterromaskiewicz.bsky.social. 📜 #buddhasinthewest 🌟 New posts M, W, F through Nov.

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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 4h
Commissioned by a local paper merchant in 1891, the Hyōgo Daibutsu at Nōfuku-ji was among the largest Buddhist statues in Japan at the time. Not far from Kobe Harbor, the icon became a favored tourist destination in the early 20th century, but it is remembered only through photographs today. 🧵 🗃️ 📜
A large gray stone statue of a seated Buddhist figure fills the center of the image. The figure has closed eyes, a calm expression, textured rows of tightly curled hair, and a draped robe with layered folds. Its hands rest together in its lap. A small, spreading tree partially overlaps the statue on the right, while flowering plants with muted red, white, and green foliage fill the foreground. Behind the statue is a softly colored sky in pale blue, pink, and beige, with sparse branches and vegetation along the edges.A vintage color postcard shows a large seated Buddha statue beside a traditional Japanese temple complex. The gray Buddha occupies the left side of the image, with tightly patterned curls on its head, lowered eyes, and layered robes. At center and right are temple buildings with sweeping blue-gray tiled roofs, ornate roof decorations, and dark wooden structures. Pine trees, shrubs, stone lanterns, grave markers, and other stone monuments fill the foreground. A utility pole with a decorative lamp stands near the right side. The sky is pale blue with a warm pinkish tint near the horizon. Red text appears along the bottom edge.

Transcribed Text:

Nofukuji Temple Hyogo.

兵庫能福寺大佛
1115
Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 4h
Commissioned by a local paper merchant in 1891, the Hyōgo Daibutsu at Nōfuku-ji was among the largest Buddhist statues in Japan at the time. Not far from Kobe Harbor, the icon became a favored tourist destination in the early 20th century, but it is remembered only through photographs today. 🧵 🗃️ 📜
A large gray stone statue of a seated Buddhist figure fills the center of the image. The figure has closed eyes, a calm expression, textured rows of tightly curled hair, and a draped robe with layered folds. Its hands rest together in its lap. A small, spreading tree partially overlaps the statue on the right, while flowering plants with muted red, white, and green foliage fill the foreground. Behind the statue is a softly colored sky in pale blue, pink, and beige, with sparse branches and vegetation along the edges.A vintage color postcard shows a large seated Buddha statue beside a traditional Japanese temple complex. The gray Buddha occupies the left side of the image, with tightly patterned curls on its head, lowered eyes, and layered robes. At center and right are temple buildings with sweeping blue-gray tiled roofs, ornate roof decorations, and dark wooden structures. Pine trees, shrubs, stone lanterns, grave markers, and other stone monuments fill the foreground. A utility pole with a decorative lamp stands near the right side. The sky is pale blue with a warm pinkish tint near the horizon. Red text appears along the bottom edge.

Transcribed Text:

Nofukuji Temple Hyogo.

兵庫能福寺大佛
1115
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
In the late 18th century, British imperial expansion fueled an appetite for accounts of distant lands and cross-cultural encounters. Readers eagerly consumed vivid travel narratives, often illustrated with engravings of religious “exoticism.” 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
A black-and-white engraved illustration shows a large, bearded humanoid figure seated or standing in the center, surrounded by numerous much smaller people. The figure wears a tall, pointed cap, a broad layered garment decorated with rows of circular trim, and a sunburst-like hem at the bottom. Its face has prominent eyes, a long nose, a mustache, and a full beard. Several curving, handwritten-looking marks appear on the figure’s lower garment. Crowds of robed or formally dressed people fill the sloping terrain on both sides and gather around the figure’s base. Draped fabric or a canopy extends across the upper background, while heavily crosshatched lines create texture throughout the scene.A black-and-white engraved print presents two religious scenes within an ornate rectangular border. A heading appears above the scenes, and explanatory captions are printed below.

In the left panel, a large multi-armed figure identified in the caption as Amida stands on a pedestal. The figure wears a tall pointed headdress, layered robes, necklaces, and a large circular ornament around the lower body. Numerous small worshippers kneel or stand in rows around the figure. Draped fabric hangs overhead, and a large blank rectangular panel and smoking vessels appear near the bottom.

In the right panel, a seated figure identified as Confucius appears on a raised platform, surrounded by several robed attendants or worshippers. The central figure wears a tall, patterned headdress and a sash marked with characters. Hanging panels with vertical inscriptions and small suspended objects fill the background. Several people gather on the stepped platform below, with tall incense burners emitting smoke.

Transcribed Text:

Engraved for PORTLOCK'S. New COLLECTION of VOYAGES & TRAVELS.

One of the forms in which AMIDA is worshipped
by the people of JAPAN and TARTARY.

The Image of CONFUTIUS with the SUTANGS,
as exhibited in the College of the CHINESE.

Published by Alexr Hogg. May 10. 1794.
22810
Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
In the late 18th century, British imperial expansion fueled an appetite for accounts of distant lands and cross-cultural encounters. Readers eagerly consumed vivid travel narratives, often illustrated with engravings of religious “exoticism.” 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
A black-and-white engraved illustration shows a large, bearded humanoid figure seated or standing in the center, surrounded by numerous much smaller people. The figure wears a tall, pointed cap, a broad layered garment decorated with rows of circular trim, and a sunburst-like hem at the bottom. Its face has prominent eyes, a long nose, a mustache, and a full beard. Several curving, handwritten-looking marks appear on the figure’s lower garment. Crowds of robed or formally dressed people fill the sloping terrain on both sides and gather around the figure’s base. Draped fabric or a canopy extends across the upper background, while heavily crosshatched lines create texture throughout the scene.A black-and-white engraved print presents two religious scenes within an ornate rectangular border. A heading appears above the scenes, and explanatory captions are printed below.

In the left panel, a large multi-armed figure identified in the caption as Amida stands on a pedestal. The figure wears a tall pointed headdress, layered robes, necklaces, and a large circular ornament around the lower body. Numerous small worshippers kneel or stand in rows around the figure. Draped fabric hangs overhead, and a large blank rectangular panel and smoking vessels appear near the bottom.

In the right panel, a seated figure identified as Confucius appears on a raised platform, surrounded by several robed attendants or worshippers. The central figure wears a tall, patterned headdress and a sash marked with characters. Hanging panels with vertical inscriptions and small suspended objects fill the background. Several people gather on the stepped platform below, with tall incense burners emitting smoke.

Transcribed Text:

Engraved for PORTLOCK'S. New COLLECTION of VOYAGES & TRAVELS.

One of the forms in which AMIDA is worshipped
by the people of JAPAN and TARTARY.

The Image of CONFUTIUS with the SUTANGS,
as exhibited in the College of the CHINESE.

Published by Alexr Hogg. May 10. 1794.
22810
Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
🌟 Series 5 returning Monday, Sep. 28th. 🌟 24 new objects exploring the circulation of Buddhist material culture, to be published through end of November.
Image shows frame filled with multiple engravings, photographs, postcards, stereoviews - and a box of incense - all bearing images of Buddhist material culture. 

This is overwritten by "Series 5," "Returning Mon, Sep. 28," and "Buddhas in the West." Image shows frame filled with multiple engravings, photographs, postcards, stereoviews - and a box of incense - all bearing images of Buddhist material culture. 

It is over-wirtten with labels, such as "Lucky Incense Buddha?" and Pagoda fountain."
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
The Under Gods project published 25 essays for America’s 250th celebration, including a fun one by Elijah Siegler, “Gods on the Menu,” which takes readers on a US road trip “in search of the gods of Chinese restaurants”: www.undergods.org/1985
undergods.org
Gods on the Menu | Under Gods
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
The Under Gods project published 25 essays for America’s 250th celebration, including a fun one by Elijah Siegler, “Gods on the Menu,” which takes readers on a US road trip “in search of the gods of Chinese restaurants”: www.undergods.org/1985
undergods.org
Gods on the Menu | Under Gods
174
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 19/06/2026
The rise of popular theatrical revues and silent film helped glamorize the notion of the "idol." The masculine "matinee idol" of Victorian theater increasingly gave way to female stars, sometimes depicted in poses reminiscent of a seated Buddha—playing on the double meaning of the word idol. 🧵 🗃️ 📜
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 19/06/2026
The rise of popular theatrical revues and silent film helped glamorize the notion of the "idol." The masculine "matinee idol" of Victorian theater increasingly gave way to female stars, sometimes depicted in poses reminiscent of a seated Buddha—playing on the double meaning of the word idol. 🧵 🗃️ 📜
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 17/06/2026
Among the earliest European images of Buddhist monks are the copperplate engravings appearing in late 17th travel books. This curious assortment of figures comes from the 1665 French edition of An Embassy of the Dutch East India Company by Johannes Nieuhof. 🧵 🗃️ 📜
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 17/06/2026
Among the earliest European images of Buddhist monks are the copperplate engravings appearing in late 17th travel books. This curious assortment of figures comes from the 1665 French edition of An Embassy of the Dutch East India Company by Johannes Nieuhof. 🧵 🗃️ 📜
2204
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 01/05/2026
With bulging eyes, flared nostrils, and straining veins, the Niō guardians stand frozen mid-roar. Placed at temple entrance gates, the Niō serve as spiritual sentinels, warding off malevolent forces and reminding visitors they are crossing into sacred space. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan #仁王
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 01/05/2026
With bulging eyes, flared nostrils, and straining veins, the Niō guardians stand frozen mid-roar. Placed at temple entrance gates, the Niō serve as spiritual sentinels, warding off malevolent forces and reminding visitors they are crossing into sacred space. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan #仁王
2236
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 24/04/2026
Before Kyoto's Hōkō-ji faded into relative obscurity, it held one of Japan’s most ambitious projects: a colossal Great Buddha meant to rival Nara's Tōdai-ji. Reports from a visiting Dutch Embassy in 1649 allowed European book illustrators to envision this 60-foot marvel. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 24/04/2026
Before Kyoto's Hōkō-ji faded into relative obscurity, it held one of Japan’s most ambitious projects: a colossal Great Buddha meant to rival Nara's Tōdai-ji. Reports from a visiting Dutch Embassy in 1649 allowed European book illustrators to envision this 60-foot marvel. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
1304
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 22/04/2026
This image of Angkor Wat is unusual: instead of empty corridors and abandoned statues, it captures a moment of active devotion. Photography of Angkor often framed the complex as lifeless – timeless ruins rather than a living religious site. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Cambodia
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 22/04/2026
This image of Angkor Wat is unusual: instead of empty corridors and abandoned statues, it captures a moment of active devotion. Photography of Angkor often framed the complex as lifeless – timeless ruins rather than a living religious site. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Cambodia
1347
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 17/04/2026
As hanami, flower blossom viewing, spread among commoners during the Edo period, so too did the popularity of cherry blossoms in woodblock prints. This visual tradition carried into the Meiji era through hand-colored photographs and postcards - but something curious emerges here. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan #花見
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 17/04/2026
As hanami, flower blossom viewing, spread among commoners during the Edo period, so too did the popularity of cherry blossoms in woodblock prints. This visual tradition carried into the Meiji era through hand-colored photographs and postcards - but something curious emerges here. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan #花見
13010
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 15/04/2026
Reputedly founded in the 6th century, Hualin Temple traces its origins to the famed Zen patriarch Bodhidharma, who arrived in China by sea. Situated in the port city of Guangzhou, the temple remained a favored destination for visitors and foreign photographers more than a millennium later. 🧵 #China
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 15/04/2026
Reputedly founded in the 6th century, Hualin Temple traces its origins to the famed Zen patriarch Bodhidharma, who arrived in China by sea. Situated in the port city of Guangzhou, the temple remained a favored destination for visitors and foreign photographers more than a millennium later. 🧵 #China
1163
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 13/04/2026
At Sensō-ji, Tokyo’s oldest Buddhist temple, piety and play have been tightly interwoven since the nineteenth century. Approaching the temple entrance, this 1905 stereoview captures rows of vendors selling tobacco, toys, and talismans within the inner precincts to passing crowds. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 13/04/2026
At Sensō-ji, Tokyo’s oldest Buddhist temple, piety and play have been tightly interwoven since the nineteenth century. Approaching the temple entrance, this 1905 stereoview captures rows of vendors selling tobacco, toys, and talismans within the inner precincts to passing crowds. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
1155
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 10/04/2026
In 1924, Wembley Park was transformed into a miniature British Empire, showcasing national pavilions, trade displays, and staged cultural performances. Seeing opportunity, postcard publisher Raphael Tuck released vibrantly colored sets of cards depicting Britain's colonial holdings.🧵 🗃️ 📜 #SriLanka
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 10/04/2026
In 1924, Wembley Park was transformed into a miniature British Empire, showcasing national pavilions, trade displays, and staged cultural performances. Seeing opportunity, postcard publisher Raphael Tuck released vibrantly colored sets of cards depicting Britain's colonial holdings.🧵 🗃️ 📜 #SriLanka
1122
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 08/04/2026
In temples across Japan each April 8, visitors celebrate Hanamatsuri, the Flower Festival, commemorating the Buddha’s birth. Devotees pour ladles of amacha sweet tea over a small statue of the infant Buddha, reenacting the moment when dragons bathed the newborn with sacred rain. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #花祭り
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 08/04/2026
In temples across Japan each April 8, visitors celebrate Hanamatsuri, the Flower Festival, commemorating the Buddha’s birth. Devotees pour ladles of amacha sweet tea over a small statue of the infant Buddha, reenacting the moment when dragons bathed the newborn with sacred rain. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #花祭り
1247
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 06/04/2026
Opening in 1898 in Atlantic City, the Heinz Pier stretched 900 feet into the ocean, lined with advertising signs, food award displays, and a gallery housing Henry Heinz's eclectic curio collection. Tourists armed with Kodak cameras could easily take snapshots posing with Heinz's Buddhist statues.
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 06/04/2026
Opening in 1898 in Atlantic City, the Heinz Pier stretched 900 feet into the ocean, lined with advertising signs, food award displays, and a gallery housing Henry Heinz's eclectic curio collection. Tourists armed with Kodak cameras could easily take snapshots posing with Heinz's Buddhist statues.
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 03/04/2026
During the summer each year, the streets of Kandy ignite with music and ritual dance as towering elephants move slowly through the crowd beneath jeweled canopies. This is the Esala Perahera, the great annual procession honoring the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #SriLanka
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 03/04/2026
During the summer each year, the streets of Kandy ignite with music and ritual dance as towering elephants move slowly through the crowd beneath jeweled canopies. This is the Esala Perahera, the great annual procession honoring the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #SriLanka
1163
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 02/04/2026
Hidden among the treasures of Nara’s Tōdai-ji stands a fierce guardian: Bishamonten, the Heavenly King of the North. Clad in armor with eyes blazing, this towering 4.2-meter cypress statue exemplifies the remarkable craftsmanship of thirteenth-century Japanese Buddhist sculpture. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 02/04/2026
Hidden among the treasures of Nara’s Tōdai-ji stands a fierce guardian: Bishamonten, the Heavenly King of the North. Clad in armor with eyes blazing, this towering 4.2-meter cypress statue exemplifies the remarkable craftsmanship of thirteenth-century Japanese Buddhist sculpture. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
1152
Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 31/03/2026
📣 New Exhibit 📣 Another wonderful collaboration with San Diego Central Library is now up through June. To read the exhibit intro and get a look at some of the trade cards on display, you can check out the digital companion guide: tinyurl.com/4a2kmm29.
Flyer for the exhibit "Collecting Asia: Popular Art of the Victorian Trade Card" at the San Diego Central Library, 9th Floor now thru June 20.
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 30/03/2026
After Fuzhou opened to foreign trade in 1842, missionaries, merchants, and travelers began climbing the stone stairway to Gushan. The dramatic setting with temple roofs rising from forested slopes above the Min River plain made it irresistible to photographers and travel writers. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 30/03/2026
After Fuzhou opened to foreign trade in 1842, missionaries, merchants, and travelers began climbing the stone stairway to Gushan. The dramatic setting with temple roofs rising from forested slopes above the Min River plain made it irresistible to photographers and travel writers. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
1121
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 27/03/2026
En route to Japan in 1853, the Perry Expedition stopped in Guangdong, the historic center of China’s foreign trade. Anchored in the Pearl River, expedition artist Wilhelm Heine sketched arguably one of the most famous pagodas in the world at the time: the Whampoa Pagoda. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 27/03/2026
En route to Japan in 1853, the Perry Expedition stopped in Guangdong, the historic center of China’s foreign trade. Anchored in the Pearl River, expedition artist Wilhelm Heine sketched arguably one of the most famous pagodas in the world at the time: the Whampoa Pagoda. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 25/03/2026
This early photograph from Tourane (today’s Da Nang) shows three Buddhist monks at the Marble Mountains temple complex. It is a rare colonial-era view of the full hierarchy of Vietnamese Buddhist monastic dress, from a novice’s plain robe to the ceremonial vestments of a senior abbot.🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Vietnam
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 25/03/2026
This early photograph from Tourane (today’s Da Nang) shows three Buddhist monks at the Marble Mountains temple complex. It is a rare colonial-era view of the full hierarchy of Vietnamese Buddhist monastic dress, from a novice’s plain robe to the ceremonial vestments of a senior abbot.🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Vietnam
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 23/03/2026
This gilded Laughing Buddha wearing an eight-pointed crown once graced a Chinese Buddhist monastery. Today, the statue sits in a very different setting on the grounds of the royal Sandringham estate as an unusual imperial garden ornament. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 23/03/2026
This gilded Laughing Buddha wearing an eight-pointed crown once graced a Chinese Buddhist monastery. Today, the statue sits in a very different setting on the grounds of the royal Sandringham estate as an unusual imperial garden ornament. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #China
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 14/03/2026
The centuries-long fascination with the Chinese-inspired aesthetic known as Chinoiserie had waned considerably by the end of the 19th century. Yet the famed Parisian department store Au Bon Marché continued to draw upon its familiar imagery for a series of popular advertising cards. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #France
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 14/03/2026
The centuries-long fascination with the Chinese-inspired aesthetic known as Chinoiserie had waned considerably by the end of the 19th century. Yet the famed Parisian department store Au Bon Marché continued to draw upon its familiar imagery for a series of popular advertising cards. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #France
1152
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
Despite the ambiguous caption—"A Group of Thibetan Musicians"—the history behind this anonymous photograph is remarkably well-documented. Taken by Robert Phillips before 1873, we see a gathering of the resident lamas at Sangchen Thongdrol Ling, a Nyingma monastery in Darjeeling. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Tibet
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
Despite the ambiguous caption—"A Group of Thibetan Musicians"—the history behind this anonymous photograph is remarkably well-documented. Taken by Robert Phillips before 1873, we see a gathering of the resident lamas at Sangchen Thongdrol Ling, a Nyingma monastery in Darjeeling. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Tibet
1284
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 09/03/2026
The Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) fueled Western demand for new images of a rapidly modernizing Japan. Among the companies meeting this demand was H. C. White, which issued boxed stereoview sets of Japan highlighting both its cultural traditions and signs of modern progress. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 09/03/2026
The Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) fueled Western demand for new images of a rapidly modernizing Japan. Among the companies meeting this demand was H. C. White, which issued boxed stereoview sets of Japan highlighting both its cultural traditions and signs of modern progress. 🧵 🗃️ 📜 #Japan
1172
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 06/03/2026
In this behind-the-scenes photo from The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932), MGM's workshop prepares towering Buddhist statues for use as set design. Despite present-day associations with peace, art director Cedric Gibbons relied on this monumental Buddhist imagery to evoke mystery and danger. 🧵 🗃️ #filmsky
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Buddhas in the West Material Archive @buddhasinthewest.bsky.social · 06/03/2026
In this behind-the-scenes photo from The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932), MGM's workshop prepares towering Buddhist statues for use as set design. Despite present-day associations with peace, art director Cedric Gibbons relied on this monumental Buddhist imagery to evoke mystery and danger. 🧵 🗃️ #filmsky
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