biorxiv.org
Setting the SCENE for Interpretable Cell-Gene Embeddings in Single-Cell RNA-seq
Single-cell RNA sequencing measures cellular states at high resolution, but sparse high-dimensional count data remain difficult to model interpretably. We introduce the Single-Cell Euclidean Network Embedding (SCENE), a probabilistic latent-distance model that jointly embeds cells and genes from Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) counts. SCENE treats the count matrix as a weighted bipartite cell-gene graph, where Euclidean distances represent transcriptional affinity, and combines this geometry with a zero-inflated count likelihood that separates gene detection from expression magnitude. Across real and simulated scRNA-seq datasets, SCENE recovers biologically structured cell and gene embeddings with state-of-the-art performance. Surprisingly, major biological structure is preserved in native two- and three-dimensional latent spaces, enabling directly interpretable visualization. Perturbation analyses show that SCENE organizes glucocorticoid-response genes and T-cell receptor regulatory programs coherently in gene space, capturing biology beyond cell-type separation. SCENE provides a transparent representation learning framework in which low-dimensional Euclidean geometry supports accurate modeling and biological interpretation. ### Competing Interest Statement O.L.M. is an Industrial PhD candidate jointly affiliated with the Technical University of Denmark and LEO Pharma A/S and receives salary support from LEO Pharma A/S. L.E.K. is an employee of LEO Pharma A/S. M.B.P. provides paid consulting services to LEO Pharma A/S. T.H., L.E.J., and M.M. declare no competing interests. Leo Pharma (Denmark), https://ror.org/05tzrdd39
