Arousal is a ubiquitous influence on the brain that fluctuates during wakefulness and modulates sensation and perception. These fluctuations impact membrane potential, cortical state, and sensory enco...

Perceptual categorization allows the brain to transform diverse sensory inputs into discrete representations that support flexible behavior [[1][1]–[7][2]]. Auditory cortex (ACtx) has been implicated ...

Hudspeth, who died 16 August at age 79, devoted his 50-year career to untangling how the ear converts sound into electrical signals.