In this Review, Neyts and colleagues discuss the rationale for developing broader-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses, survey promising antiviral targets and agents, and outline strategies to acce...

On September the 25th 2026, we visited Toyama Prefecture in Japan. We had a lunch at Iwana (いわな) in Michi no Eki Kamidaira Sasara kan (道の駅上平ささら館). These are farmed whitespotted chars (Salvelinus leuco...

HIV-1 infection begins with Env-gp120 binding to the CD4 receptor and CD4-triggered Env conformational changes that enable viral entry. To identify key Env s...

A monthly journal publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research on all topics related to RNA and its metabolism in all organisms

Tetherin is a restriction factor that inhibits budding of enveloped viruses, resulting in an accumulation of virions on the cell surface. Snow et al. show that HIV-1 Vpu counteracts this restriction b...

An AI revolution is sweeping through education. But teachers who can convey the excitement of thinking and learning are irreplaceable.

Viruses are ubiquitous mobile genetic elements that are obligate symbionts of cellular life forms and replicate exclusively within host cells. The ...

Advances in AI have shown promise in protein structural information, but in this perspective, the authors argue that biology’s true complexity—emergent, evolved, and irreducibly messy—demands more tha...

Biological processes continuously adapt in response to intervention. Unlike static predictive models, biomedical world models support action-conditioned simulations for counterfactual reasoning, inter...

Drawing inspiration from Hilbert’s list of 23 mathematical problems that have focused the mathematical community’s attention for more than a century, we propose fifteen grand AI challenges to focus th...

Metagenomic and long-read sequencing are revealing extensive viral diversity that remains uncultured, poorly classified, or absent from reference databases. ...

Advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are having a transformative impact on biological research.

In recent years, we have been quite focused on HIV-1 adaptation/evolution research and its related investigations (Nomaguchi et al., 2013a(Nomaguchi et al., ...

mutability and its wild-bird origin. Experts are really anxious about other terrible influenzapandemics by new type viruses. About 40 years ago, we also enco...

Since the first discovery of a plant virus in 19th century, numerous viruses have been found and identified as admirably unique genetic agents in virtually a...

Using mass photometry combined with a single-molecule trapping method allows real-time monitoring of the assembly of individual virus-like particles with molecular resolution, enabling observation and...

Here, the authors demonstrate that LEDGF/p75 directs lentiviral integration into linker DNA within H3K36me3 chromatin while inhibiting integration into unmodified chromatin. Cryo-EM structures reveal ...

Dengue is currently one of the most significant and rapidly expanding vector-borne diseases worldwide, posing substantial challenges to public health systems...

Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 can use programmed ribosomal frameshifting to turn off host translation and promote viral replication, expanding the known uses of programmed ribosomal frameshifting by viru...

Enteric viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus remain important causes of gastroenteritis across age groups and geographic settings....

Dengue mosquito olfactory neurons are known to show complex patterns of receptor expression, but the details of this complexity remain unclear. Here, the authors build a comprehensive molecular atlas ...

Flaviviruses reshape cell membranes to build replication sites, but how these membranes are organized remains unclear. This study shows that homotypic membrane tethering driven by the host endoplasmic...

HIV-1 infection begins with Env-gp120 binding to the CD4 receptor and CD4-triggered Env conformational changes that enable viral entry. To identify key Env s...