New study by @scope-rptu.bsky.social researchers!
Michaela Maier, @maierjuergen.bsky.social & @alessandronai.bsky.social provide convincing evidence across a huge variety of data sets that the "classical" measure of negative campaigning is reliable and valid.
tinyurl.com/3yvs5a38
tinyurl.com
Unreliable and Invalid? Not So Fast: A Multistudy Empirical Assessment of the ‘Directional’ Measure of Negative Campaigning - Alessandro Nai, Jürgen Maier, Michaela Maier, 2026
The ‘directional’ definition of negative campaigning (i.e. when candidates leverage critiques against their political opponents) has been criticized for lacking...
