Ash Oro @ashoro.co.uk · 24/07/20266/20 Now imagine a tanker is attacked tomorrow. Who actually pays? The owner’s Hull & Machinery insurer? The cargo insurer? The P&I Club? The war-risk insurer? Or does everyone wait for Washington to decide? The uncertainty alone becomes another commercial risk. 181
Ash Oro @ashoro.co.uk · 24/07/20267/20 Shipping works because everyone understands who is responsible for which loss. Introducing a parallel government compensation promise risks making those responsibilities less clear rather than more clear. That uncertainty eventually finds its way into insurance premiums. 170
Ash Oro @ashoro.co.uk · 24/07/20268/20 Then comes the practical question. Who decides what gets compensated? The White House? A federal court? An international tribunal? An arbitration panel? There is no process described. Without a process, a promise remains exactly that—a promise. 160