I would imagine that at least *some* of the local pushback against these data centers is expressive opposition to the power & influence of big tech more broadly, rather than a specific set of concerns about the impact of these data centers per se. Hence the empirical reality of impact may not matter
Miraculously we have invented a kind of factory that has effectively zero industrial byproducts, runs quietly, and can be sited almost anywhere you can find or build an empty room.
Naturally what has happened is that everyone has decided it’s the absolute worst thing you can build.