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Andy Gardner @andygardner.bsky.social · 14/08/2026

New paper: "The evolution of socially modulated dispersal", with Chon I Kam (@chonikam.bsky.social) & Graeme Ruxton (Open Access) doi.org/10.1016/j.jt... @uniofstandrews.bsky.social @standrewsopenres.bsky.social @stagradschool.bsky.social

Forms of dispersal, when social modulation does not improve dispersal success. The 3D cube shows the parameter space for each of the evolutionary outcomes while the 2D slices are cross-sections of the cube at specific s values. For low cost of forcing (low a), high cost of dispersal (high c) and low degree of sibship (low s), only forced dispersal obtains (i.e. x* = 0, y* > 0; portion of parameter space lying behind the orange volume). For high cost of forcing (high a), low cost of dispersal (low c) and high degree of sibship (high s), only voluntary dispersal obtains (i.e. x* > 0, y* = 0; portion of parameter space lying in front of the orange volume). For intermediate cost of forcing (medium a), intermediate cost of dispersal (medium c) and intermediate degree of sibship (medium s), both voluntary and forced dispersal coexist (i.e. x* > 0, y* > 0; portion of parameter space lying within the orange volume).